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Survival from cardiac arrest caused by VF declines by approximately 7% to 10% for each minute without defibrillation. 38 For these victims, the time from collapse to defibrillation is the single greatest determinant of survival. When the initial ECG is obtained, most adults with sudden (witnessed), nontraumatic cardiac arrest are found to be in VF. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37Įpidemiology of Adult Cardiopulmonary Arrest: “Phone First” (Adult)/“Phone Fast” (Infants and Children) 2 Each community should identify weaknesses in its Chain of Survival and strengthen the Chain through CPR training programs, effective PAD initiatives, and an optimized EMS. Three BLS actions-early access, early CPR, and early defibrillation-serve as the foundation for emergency cardiovascular care throughout the community. 21 24 25 26 27 28 This nearly doubles the resuscitation rates previously achieved by the most successful EMS programs. 1 12 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 PAD programs, including trained flight attendants and police officers, have achieved resuscitation success rates as high as 49%. PAD holds promise to be the single greatest advance in the treatment of VF arrest since the development of CPR. 1 12 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Public access defibrillation (PAD) is a healthcare initiative to make AEDs available throughout the community for use by trained laypersons. 13 14 15 Early defibrillation is the single greatest determinant of survival for adult victims of cardiac arrest. 12 13 Early CPR prevents VF from deteriorating to asystole, may increase the chance of defibrillation, contributes to preservation of heart and brain function, and significantly improves survival. 6 7 8 9 10 11Įarly CPR is the best treatment for cardiac arrest until the arrival of an AED and advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) care. 3 4 5 Emergency Medical Dispatchers (EMDs) can lead callers through the steps of CPR until EMS personnel arrive. Early access of the EMS system quickly alerts EMS providers, who can respond with a defibrillator.

1 Each link must be strong throughout the community this approach is consistent with the concept that the community is the “ultimate coronary care unit.” 2Įarly access requires prompt recognition of emergencies that require time-critical BLS interventions, such as heart attack, stroke, FBAO, and respiratory and cardiac arrest. With the inclusion of AED use in BLS skills, BLS is now defined by the first 3 links in the Chain of Survival: early access, early CPR, and early defibrillation (Figure 1 ). Rescue breathing for victims of respiratory arrestĬhest compressions and rescue breathing for victims of cardiopulmonary arrestĪttempted defibrillation of patients with ventricular fibrillation (VF) or ventricular tachycardia (VT) with an automated external defibrillator (AED) Prompt recognition and action for myocardial infarction and stroke to prevent respiratory and cardiac arrest BLS defines this sequence of actions and saves lives. The actions taken during the first few minutes of an emergency are critical to victim survival.

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Stroke: Vascular and Interventional Neurology.Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA).

Circ: Cardiovascular Quality & Outcomes.Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology (ATVB).

Tilt to live hd stay perfectly still as long as possible